GBH64%

Boston parks rediscover centuries-old gravestone of a free Black man 39%

By Chris Burrell49%

8/6/2026, 1:39:35 PM

BS Summary: This article contains 20 faulty reasoning types, including Overconfidence Bias, Post Hoc (False Cause), and Appeal to Authority, with Confirmation Bias as the most egregious example at 20% saturation with 131 hits. Analysis detected 851 faulty-reasoning hits from 655 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 37.1% and a BS Rank of 39% (18,742 of 30,584 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 61.30% of the article peer group.

Historical preservationists from the City of Boston have rediscovered the gravestone of a free Black man who died nearly three centuries ago. 
The marker, located in the famed Granary Burial Ground near Park Street, is likely one of the oldest of a free Black person in the U.S., city officials said Thursday. 
“For the city of Boston, finding something like this, it’s truly remarkable,” Suzanne Segura Taylor, executive director of the Freedom Trail Foundation, told GBH News Thursday. 
“To be able to point this beautiful gravestone: I’ve actually seen it and was taken aback. 
It actually gave me goosebumps.” 
The gravestone of the man known as “Boston” was found by the Boston Parks and Recreation Department’s Historic Burying Ground Initiative. 
It was partially buried and significantly damaged and had to undergo restoration, the city said. 
Director of Boston’s Historic Burying Grounds Kelly Thomas said the gravestone’s epitaph bore only the name “Boston” and was dated 1728. 
The marker had not appeared in an earlier survey of the site. 
In an interview, Thomas said she noticed the gravestone in February during a survey of about 100 markers in the Granary grounds. 
She knew that any marker with just a single name  no surname  was most likely a formerly enslaved person. 
Then she began digging for more details in Boston colonial records and zeroed in on this man, who died at age 70. 
“There’s a fair amount of documentation that about him actually. 
And when he died, there was a marvelous obituary published in a 1729 Boston newspaper, which is exceedingly rare for anybody,” she said. 
Thomas’s research linked the gravestone to the life of Sebastian, a formerly enslaved man whose story was chronicled by historian Gloria McCahon Whiting<i>’s “Belonging: An Intimate&nbsp;History of Slavery and Family in Early New England</i>.” 
Thomas concluded through her research Sebastian name likely changed from Sebastian to Bastian, then Bastian to ‘Boston’ over the years in the documentary records. 
“The rediscovery of this gravestone highlights the important role of historic preservation and the historic burying grounds in bringing to light overlooked stories in the City’s rich history,” said Thomas. 
“Learning more about Sebastian/Boston’s life illustrates the complex, multicultural and multiracial society that created the conditions from which the American Revolution was born.” 
The gravestone’s presence in the Granary Burying Ground expands historians’ understanding of burial practices in colonial Boston and is believed that this is the oldest gravestone for a free Black person in the United States. 
According to historical accounts, Boston was known for being a respected member of the community. 
An obituary for him was published in the New England Weekly Journal of Feb. 24, 1729, reading: “He having born the character of a sober, virtuous liver, and of a very trusty, honest, and faithful servant to all that employed him, and having acquired to himself the general love and esteem of his neighbors by a readiness to do any good offices in his power for everyone; his funeral was attended with uncommon respects, and his death much lamented.” 
“Boston lived a life of influence. 
As a young man in bondage, he cultivated white allies in his years-long campaign to obtain a legal marriage to his wife, who was also enslaved. 
Evidence suggests that his advocacy helped inspire both the publication of New England’s earliest antislavery tract and the passage of legislation in Massachusetts supporting marriage rights for the enslaved,” said Gloria McCahon Whiting, author of <i>Belonging: An Intimate History of Slavery and Family in Early New England.&nbsp;</i>“Boston would later obtain his freedom and father six children, whom he baptized in a local church and supported economically. 
When he died in 1729, Boston left a community bereaved; over the course of his life, he had built intimate relationships with neighbors from all walks of life, ranging from people in bondage to those of great wealth and political power.” 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 20.0%Chris Burrell: 11.1%GBH: 3.1%Confirmation Bias20.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.5%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 6.9%Chris Burrell: 1.7%GBH: 2.6%Availability Heuristic6.9%This article: 3.2%Chris Burrell: 1.6%GBH: 0.7%Representativeness Heuristic3.2%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 19.1%Chris Burrell: 4.8%GBH: 1.5%Overconfidence Bias19.1%This article: 3.5%Chris Burrell: 1.8%GBH: 3.3%Framing Effect3.5%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.5%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.8%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.6%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 4.0%Chris Burrell: 1.0%GBH: 2.6%Optimism Bias4.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 2.4%Pessimism Bias0.0%This article: 0.8%Chris Burrell: 0.2%GBH: 7.4%Negativity Bias0.8%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 1.9%Self-Serving Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.6%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 1.6%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias0.0%This article: 2.3%Chris Burrell: 3.7%GBH: 1.0%Halo Effect2.3%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.7%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 1.8%Chris Burrell: 0.5%GBH: 0.3%Primacy Effect1.8%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 1.9%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.2%Straw Man0.0%This article: 17.3%Chris Burrell: 4.3%GBH: 2.2%Appeal to Authority17.3%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 1.3%False Dilemma0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 1.1%Slippery Slope0.0%This article: 3.7%Chris Burrell: 0.9%GBH: 0.1%Circular Reasoning3.7%This article: 8.5%Chris Burrell: 2.9%GBH: 4.8%Hasty Generalization8.5%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.9%Chris Burrell: 0.2%GBH: 0.4%Bandwagon0.9%This article: 0.8%Chris Burrell: 0.2%GBH: 6.8%Appeal to Emotion0.8%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.7%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 17.6%Chris Burrell: 6.9%GBH: 1.7%Post Hoc (False Cause)17.6%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.3%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.7%Burden of Proof0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.0%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 6.3%Chris Burrell: 1.6%GBH: 1.5%Anecdotal6.3%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 2.4%Chris Burrell: 0.6%GBH: 0.9%Ambiguity (Equivocation)2.4%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.0%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.0%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.2%Genetic Fallacy0.0%This article: 4.0%Chris Burrell: 1.0%GBH: 0.5%Unattributed Quote4.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 1.2%GBH: 0.7%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 2.4%Chris Burrell: 0.6%GBH: 2.7%Biased Writer Voice2.4%This article: 4.6%Chris Burrell: 1.1%GBH: 1.5%Indoctrination4.6%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.6%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.1%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Chris Burrell: 0.0%GBH: 0.0%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

655 words analyzed.

Speakers

3speakers47%attributed speech346writer words
100%flagged-word coverage
66 attributed words21% of attributed speech87% writer coverage

No manipulation-pattern hits were found in this speaker's attributed words or the writer's voice.

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.