Topic summary
⁠4%1 analyzed article/video1,841 analyzed words
BS Summary: These City Government Operations results contain 17 faulty reasoning types, including Halo Effect, Hasty Generalization, and Confirmation Bias, with Optimism Bias as the most egregious example at 4.8% saturation with 356 hits. Analysis detected 1,042 faulty-reasoning hits from 7,364 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 0.8% and a BS Rank of ⁠2% (23,561 of 24,021 topics). This City Government Operations is better (less manipulative) than 98.10% of the peer group.
City Government Operations
Topic details
Total words: 7,364
Article count: 1
Authors

Ranking context

Position among analyzed topics

2% percentile
02550751001.9% percentile
0.8% BS Score1 analyzed articles7.4K analyzed words

Reasoning profile

Selected profile versus the sitewide rate

TopicSitewideShared scale 0–50%
0.0%10%20%30%40%50%Framing EffectSitewide 26.9%Topic 0.7%0.7%Negativity BiasSitewide 19.2%Topic 0.2%0.2%Availability HeuristicSitewide 9.1%Topic 0.3%0.3%Hasty GeneralizationSitewide 8.1%Topic 1.2%1.2%Confirmation BiasSitewide 7.5%Topic 1.1%1.1%In-Group BiasSitewide 6.9%Topic 0.8%0.8%AnecdotalSitewide 5.2%Topic 0.1%0.1%Biased Writer VoiceSitewide 5.3%Topic 0.4%0.4%Halo EffectSitewide 6.7%Topic 1.9%1.9%Overconfidence BiasSitewide 4.6%Topic 0.6%0.6%

Sitewide departure map

Above the diagonal means this profile uses the pattern more often

0.0%0.0%10%10%20%20%30%30%40%40%50%50%Framing Effect: Topic 0.7%, sitewide 26.9%Negativity Bias: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 19.2%Availability Heuristic: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 9.1%Hasty Generalization: Topic 1.2%, sitewide 8.1%Confirmation Bias: Topic 1.1%, sitewide 7.5%In-Group Bias: Topic 0.8%, sitewide 6.9%Halo Effect: Topic 1.9%, sitewide 6.7%Optimism Bias: Topic 4.8%, sitewide 6.0%Biased Writer Voice: Topic 0.4%, sitewide 5.3%Anecdotal: Topic 0.1%, sitewide 5.2%Overconfidence Bias: Topic 0.6%, sitewide 4.6%Self-Serving Bias: Topic 0.9%, sitewide 3.7%Slippery Slope: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 1.7%False Dilemma: Topic 0.2%, sitewide 1.5%Unattributed Quote: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 1.1%Straw Man: Topic 0.3%, sitewide 0.9%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service: Topic 0.1%, sitewide 0.5%Framing EffectSitewide rateTopic rate

Analyzed articles and videos