ABC News98%
3 Philadelphia men who were wrongfully convicted and spent 28 years in prison have been exonerated 94%
5/28/2026, 12:06:12 AM
BS Summary: This video contains 17 faulty reasoning types, including Negativity Bias, Appeal to Emotion, and Availability Heuristic, with Appeal to Authority as the most egregious example at 49.2% saturation with 59 hits. Analysis detected 478 faulty-reasoning hits from 120 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 90.2% and a BS Rank of 94% (1,099 of 16,813 videos). This video is worse (more manipulative) than 93.50% of the video peer group.
Three Philadelphia men who were wrongly convicted and spent 28 years behind bars
have been exonerated and have had their convictions vacated by a judge.
Jamal Shuler, Mark Reddingham, and Rashid Smith were sent to prison for a 1997 murder.
An eyewitness placed the men at the home at the time of the murder, but new forensic evidence has called into question the time of death.
The victim likely died a day later than when the
three men were spotted near that location.
Attorneys for the men say they are grateful to the District Attorney for its thorough, independent review to uncover the truth.
Confirmation Bias
15.8%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
15.8%PublicationABC News
1.7%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
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0%PublicationABC News
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Availability Heuristic
32.5%Availability Heuristic
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32.5%PublicationABC News
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Representativeness Heuristic
21.7%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
21.7%PublicationABC News
0.9%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
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0%PublicationABC News
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Overconfidence Bias
8.3%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
8.3%PublicationABC News
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Framing Effect
24.2%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
24.2%PublicationABC News
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Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
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0%PublicationABC News
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Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
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0%PublicationABC News
0.3%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
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0%PublicationABC News
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Optimism Bias
28.3%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
28.3%PublicationABC News
2.1%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
0.7%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Negativity Bias
45.8%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
45.8%PublicationABC News
6.5%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
1.5%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
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0%PublicationABC News
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Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
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0%PublicationABC News
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In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
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0%PublicationABC News
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Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
17.5%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
17.5%PublicationABC News
0.3%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Halo Effect
17.5%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
17.5%PublicationABC News
2.5%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
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0%PublicationABC News
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Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
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0%PublicationABC News
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Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
1.2%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Primacy Effect
25.8%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
25.8%PublicationABC News
0.4%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
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Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
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0%PublicationABC News
0.4%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
0.1%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Appeal to Authority
49.2%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
49.2%PublicationABC News
2.9%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
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0%PublicationABC News
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Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
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0%PublicationABC News
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Circular Reasoning
10%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
10%PublicationABC News
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Hasty Generalization
21.7%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
21.7%PublicationABC News
2.4%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
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Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
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0%PublicationABC News
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Appeal to Emotion
41.7%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
41.7%PublicationABC News
3.7%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Begging the Question
24.2%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
24.2%PublicationABC News
0.6%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
5.8%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
5.8%PublicationABC News
1.9%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
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Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
0%PublicationABC News
0.3%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
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0%PublicationABC News
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Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
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0%PublicationABC News
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Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
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0%PublicationABC News
0.8%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
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0%PublicationABC News
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Ambiguity (Equivocation)
8.3%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
8.3%PublicationABC News
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Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
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Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
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Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
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0%PublicationABC News
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Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
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0%PublicationABC News
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Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
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0%PublicationABC News
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Unattributed Quote
0%Unattributed Quote
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0%PublicationABC News
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Quote-first Misdirection
0%Quote-first Misdirection
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Biased Writer Voice
0%Biased Writer Voice
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Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
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Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
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0%PublicationABC News
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Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
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0%PublicationABC News
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Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
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0%PublicationABC News
1.3%Bar shows this article. Cyan marker shows the selected publication average.
120 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.