The Independent66%
Iain Robertson, former River City actor, found guilty of raping woman 12%
By Nick Forbes7%
7/23/2026, 12:57:27 PM
BS Summary: This article contains 14 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect, Biased Writer Voice, and Availability Heuristic, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 69.5% saturation with 82 hits. Analysis detected 396 faulty-reasoning hits from 118 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 29.1% and a BS Rank of 12% (18,638 of 21,176 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 88.00% of the article peer group.
Actor Iain Robertson has been found guilty of rape following a trial at the High Court in Glasgow.
Robertson, aged 45, was convicted of a total of five offences committed against a number of women.
The offences took place over a 15-year period, specifically between 2004 and 2019, with the rape occurring between 2018 and 2019.
During the trial, a woman testified that Robertson had sex with her despite her making clear she was not consenting, while Robertson denied any wrongdoing.
He is scheduled to be sentenced at the High Court in Edinburgh on 23 July.
Former River City star Iain Robertson jailed for rape and assault
Confirmation Bias
21.2%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
21.2%AuthorNick Forbes
7.1%PublicationThe Independent
2.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
17.8%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
17.8%AuthorNick Forbes
5.9%PublicationThe Independent
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
29.7%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
29.7%AuthorNick Forbes
9.9%PublicationThe Independent
3.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
17.8%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
17.8%AuthorNick Forbes
5.9%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
2.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
39.8%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
39.8%AuthorNick Forbes
13.3%PublicationThe Independent
8.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
0%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
2.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
1.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
69.5%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
69.5%AuthorNick Forbes
23.2%PublicationThe Independent
12.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
2.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
9.3%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
9.3%AuthorNick Forbes
3.1%PublicationThe Independent
1.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
0%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
3.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
9.3%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
9.3%AuthorNick Forbes
3.1%PublicationThe Independent
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
4.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
6.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
2.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
21.2%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
21.2%AuthorNick Forbes
7.1%PublicationThe Independent
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
14.4%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
14.4%AuthorNick Forbes
4.8%PublicationThe Independent
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
21.2%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
21.2%AuthorNick Forbes
7.1%PublicationThe Independent
1.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Unattributed Quote
21.2%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
21.2%AuthorNick Forbes
7.1%PublicationThe Independent
2.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Quote-first Misdirection
9.3%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
9.3%AuthorNick Forbes
3.1%PublicationThe Independent
2.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Biased Writer Voice
33.9%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
33.9%AuthorNick Forbes
11.3%PublicationThe Independent
7.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNick Forbes
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
118 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.