Policy in Search of a Problem - by Jim Swift - The Bulwark 24%

By Jim Swift47%

7/11/2026, 11:32:06 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 14 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect, In-Group Bias, and Hasty Generalization, with Unattributed Quote as the most egregious example at 28.6% saturation with 130 hits. Analysis detected 339 faulty-reasoning hits from 454 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 37.3% and a BS Rank of 24% (11,214 of 14,612 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 76.70% of the article peer group.

Policy in Search of a Problem 
What You Missed This Week From The Bulwark 
Happy Saturday! 
Overtime is for everyone. 
If you’re a Bulwark+ member: thank you . 
If you’re not, there’s no better time to subscribe to Bulwark+ than today. 
If you like today’s issue, you can share this newsletter with someone you think would value it. 
Why We Won’t Stay Silent About Christian Nationalists in Our Own Churches 
Philip D. 
Bunn , Eli McGowan , and Emily McGowan 
IN 1935, U.S. 
AMBASSADOR TO GERMANY William Dodd warned the State Department of the “virtually dictatorial powers over Protestant Church matters” the new Nazi Minister of Church Affairs possessed. 
Describing the ecclesiastical resistance to Adolf Hitler’s desperate grasp for the keys to the kingdom, Dodd added that “the brunt of battle has been borne chiefly by the Reformed, or Calvinist, wing of the Church whose members find National Socialist totalitarian claims incompatible with their belief in sole responsibility to individual conscience.” 
📚 Bulwark Book Club📚 for August: Mark Twain’s “Pudd’nhead Wilson” 
Send in your questions to Mona Charen and Bill Kristol for the August book club. 
Withdrawing Troops From Europe Is a Policy in Search of a Problem 
THIS WEEK, AS NATO LEADERS gather in Ankara, Turkey for their annual summit, the Department of Defense is continuing a comprehensive review of America’s force posture in Europe—i.e., what forces the United States maintains there, what their capabilities are, and where exactly they’re stationed or deployed. 
The goal, according to a DOD publication, is “that the alliance will pull its own weight in terms of defense funds spent and that Europe will take the lead in maintaining its defense.” 
The One Word Trump Won’t Say in Turkey 
Many Gen Zers Rooted Against Team USA. 
Here’s Why. 
Trump’s attack on TPS for Haitians… is an attack on Springfield, Ohio’s entire community, argues Rev. 
Carl Ruby in a must-read Ohio Capital Journal op-ed. 
Regular readers may remember Ruby from my earlier writing on Springfield and what it’s facing. 
He is the real deal. 
ICYMI: My dispatch from Springfield, Ohio earlier this week. 
The Forgotten Bombing of LaGuardia Airport… It’s been called “one of the greatest cold cases of the 20th century.” 
It remains unsolved. 
But what happened next is almost a worse crime, writes Elon Green in Slate. 
Ever wanna get away? 
I’m always envious of Jay Nordlinger’s travel posts. 
Follow him in Italy! 
This week’s comment prompt: What are your July plans? 
What do you remember from your family vacations that would never happen in 2026? 
Tech support questions? 
Visit Help.TheBulwark.com. 
Editorial photos provided by Getty Images. 
For full credits, please consult the article. 
Confirmation Bias
0%
Anchoring Bias
0%
Availability Heuristic
4.2%
Representativeness Heuristic
0%
Hindsight Bias
0%
Overconfidence Bias
0%
Framing Effect
6.2%
Loss Aversion
0%
Status Quo Bias
0%
Sunk Cost Effect
0%
Optimism Bias
2.9%
Pessimism Bias
3.1%
Negativity Bias
4.8%
Self-Serving Bias
0%
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%
Actor-Observer Bias
0%
In-Group Bias
5.9%
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%
Halo Effect
1.1%
Horn Effect
0%
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%
Recency Bias
0%
Primacy Effect
0%
Blind-Spot Bias
0%
Ad Hominem
0%
Straw Man
0%
Appeal to Authority
1.1%
False Dilemma
0%
Slippery Slope
0%
Circular Reasoning
0%
Hasty Generalization
5.1%
Red Herring
0%
Bandwagon
0%
Appeal to Emotion
0%
Begging the Question
2.6%
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%
Tu Quoque
0%
Burden of Proof
0%
Appeal to Nature
0%
Composition/Division
0%
Anecdotal
0%
No True Scotsman
0%
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%
Middle Ground
0%
Personal Incredulity
0%
Special Pleading
0%
Genetic Fallacy
0%
Unattributed Quote
28.6%
Quote-first Misdirection
0%
Biased Writer Voice
3.1%
Indoctrination
3.1%
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
2.9%

454 words analyzed.

Speakers

3speakers28%attributed speech329writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Selected voice

William Dodd

100%flagged-word coverage
78 attributed words62% of attributed speech40% writer coverage
Unattributed Quote+94.2 pts
Writer 5.8%William Dodd 100%
Biased Writer Voice-4.3 pts
Writer 4.3%William Dodd 0%
Indoctrination-4.3 pts
Writer 4.3%William Dodd 0%
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service-4.0 pts
Writer 4.0%William Dodd 0%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.