The Independent45%
Iran-US war latest: Houthis strike Saudi oil tankers as Tehran warns Trump of ‘eye for an eye’ response 64%
By Maroosha Muzaffar54%
7/23/2026, 2:10:00 AM
BS Summary: This article contains 8 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect, Recency Bias, and Ambiguity (Equivocation), with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 36.5% saturation with 69 hits. Analysis detected 313 faulty-reasoning hits from 189 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 58.2% and a BS Rank of 64% (8,075 of 21,886 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 63.10% of the article peer group.
The war in Iran appeared to be spreading on Wednesday after the Iran-backed Houthi rebels bombed two Saudi oil tankers off the coast of Saudi Arabia, threatening to further disrupt oil supply.
The Houthis claimed an attack on two vessels 70 nautical miles southwest of the port of Al Shuqaiq, saying they had violated a maritime blockade.
The incident had earlier been reported by the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO), which said crews were attempting to extinguish a fire onboard.
No casualties or environmental impact have been reported.
According to the Saudi Press Agency (SPA), which cited an official from the General Transport Authority, the incident caused a fire at the front of the ship.
It came after Iran’s foreign minister warned of an “eye for an eye” response if Donald Trump continues with his threat to bomb a bridge or power plant for every ship targeted in the Strait of Hormuz.
The US military said it had carried out a 12th straight night of strikes against Iran on Thursday.
Confirmation Bias
0%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.8%PublicationThe Independent
2.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
1.5%PublicationThe Independent
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
2.2%PublicationThe Independent
3.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.6%PublicationThe Independent
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.5%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
2.6%PublicationThe Independent
2.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
29.1%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
29.1%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
7.9%PublicationThe Independent
8.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
1%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
4.2%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
4.2%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
5.7%PublicationThe Independent
2.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
3.3%PublicationThe Independent
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
36.5%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
36.5%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
15.9%PublicationThe Independent
12.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
1.5%PublicationThe Independent
2.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
1.5%PublicationThe Independent
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.3%PublicationThe Independent
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.3%PublicationThe Independent
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.4%PublicationThe Independent
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
3.9%PublicationThe Independent
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
26.5%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
26.5%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
1.5%PublicationThe Independent
1.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.6%PublicationThe Independent
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
0%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
4%PublicationThe Independent
3.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.8%PublicationThe Independent
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
2.2%PublicationThe Independent
4.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
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Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.5%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
7.8%PublicationThe Independent
6.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.3%PublicationThe Independent
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
16.9%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
16.9%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
2.2%PublicationThe Independent
2.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.6%PublicationThe Independent
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Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
2.1%PublicationThe Independent
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
19.6%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
19.6%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
2.8%PublicationThe Independent
1.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
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Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
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Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.3%PublicationThe Independent
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Unattributed Quote
13.2%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
13.2%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
3.8%PublicationThe Independent
2.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Quote-first Misdirection
19.6%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
19.6%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
1.9%PublicationThe Independent
2.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Biased Writer Voice
0%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
4.8%PublicationThe Independent
7.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.1%PublicationThe Independent
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0.3%PublicationThe Independent
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMaroosha Muzaffar
0%PublicationThe Independent
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
189 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.