The Japan Times66%
Russians covertly trained by China return to fight in Ukraine, sources say 62%
By No Author47%
5/20/2026, 1:00:00 AM
BS Summary: This article contains 8 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Authority, Unattributed Quote, and Ambiguity (Equivocation), with Framing Effect as the most egregious example at 71.9% saturation with 82 hits. Analysis detected 468 faulty-reasoning hits from 114 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 57.3% and a BS Rank of 62% (6,508 of 16,813 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 61.30% of the article peer group.
China’s armed forces secretly trained about 200 Russian military personnel in China late last year and some have since returned to fight in Ukraine, according to three European intelligence agencies and documents.
While China and Russia have held a number of joint military exercises since Moscow’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Beijing has repeatedly stated that it is neutral in the conflict and presents itself as a peace mediator.
The covert training sessions, which predominantly focused on the use of drones, were outlined in a dual-language Russian-Chinese agreement signed by senior Russian and Chinese officers in Beijing on July 2, 2025.
Confirmation Bias
0%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
2.6%PublicationThe Japan Times
3.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
1.5%PublicationThe Japan Times
1.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
3.8%PublicationThe Japan Times
4.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
1%PublicationThe Japan Times
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.1%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
28.1%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
28.1%AuthorNo Author
1.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
71.9%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
71.9%AuthorNo Author
11.5%PublicationThe Japan Times
14.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.8%PublicationThe Japan Times
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
0%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
4.1%PublicationThe Japan Times
4.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
2.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
3.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
43.9%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
43.9%AuthorNo Author
9.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
11.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.9%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
1%PublicationThe Japan Times
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.4%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
1.2%PublicationThe Japan Times
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.1%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
1.9%PublicationThe Japan Times
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.1%PublicationThe Japan Times
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.2%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.1%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
66.7%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
66.7%AuthorNo Author
4.9%PublicationThe Japan Times
5.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
33.3%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
33.3%AuthorNo Author
1%PublicationThe Japan Times
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.6%PublicationThe Japan Times
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.1%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
2.9%PublicationThe Japan Times
4.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
3%PublicationThe Japan Times
3.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
3.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
4.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.5%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.2%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.5%PublicationThe Japan Times
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
56.1%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
56.1%AuthorNo Author
2.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.2%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.1%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0%PublicationThe Japan Times
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Unattributed Quote
66.7%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
66.7%AuthorNo Author
5.5%PublicationThe Japan Times
4.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Quote-first Misdirection
0%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
1.9%PublicationThe Japan Times
1.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Biased Writer Voice
43.9%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
43.9%AuthorNo Author
6.7%PublicationThe Japan Times
9.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
1.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
1.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.2%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
0%AuthorNo Author
0.3%PublicationThe Japan Times
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
114 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.