KQED61%
Benicia Wants to Be a Model for Life After a Refinery. Can It? 86%
By Ericka Cruz Guevarra0% Julie Small0% Jessica Kariisa0% Alan Montecillo0%
5/20/2026, 10:00:04 AM
Topics: The Bay
BS Summary: This article contains 12 faulty reasoning types, including Optimism Bias, Halo Effect, and Hasty Generalization, with Framing Effect as the most egregious example at 50.7% saturation with 38 hits. Analysis detected 273 faulty-reasoning hits from 75 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 78.7% and a BS Rank of 86% (2,490 of 16,813 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 85.20% of the article peer group.
Valero’s Benicia oil refinery employed hundreds of people and contributed millions in taxes to the local government for decades.
Now, with the refinery on its way out, local leaders hope Benicia can be a leading example for how cities transition away from the fossil fuel industry.
But with tight city budgets and a global fuel crisis, that’s much easier said than done.
Confirmation Bias
0%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1.4%PublicationCalMatters
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1.6%PublicationCalMatters
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
25.3%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
25.3%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
4.7%PublicationCalMatters
3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1.8%PublicationCalMatters
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.1%PublicationCalMatters
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
50.7%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
50.7%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
13.1%PublicationCalMatters
6.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.8%PublicationCalMatters
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.5%PublicationCalMatters
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
50.7%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
50.7%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
2.2%PublicationCalMatters
3.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
24%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
24%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
2.8%PublicationCalMatters
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
24%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
24%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
10.4%PublicationCalMatters
6.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.2%PublicationCalMatters
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
3.1%PublicationCalMatters
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1.4%PublicationCalMatters
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
36%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
36%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
4.2%PublicationCalMatters
2.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
2.4%PublicationCalMatters
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.7%PublicationCalMatters
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.5%PublicationCalMatters
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
0%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1.7%PublicationCalMatters
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
21.3%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
21.3%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
2.6%PublicationCalMatters
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.1%PublicationCalMatters
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
36%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
36%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
3.9%PublicationCalMatters
3.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.4%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
4.1%PublicationCalMatters
5.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.4%PublicationCalMatters
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
2.5%PublicationCalMatters
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.5%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
2.7%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
2.7%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.4%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
2.7%PublicationCalMatters
3.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
21.3%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
21.3%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1.1%PublicationCalMatters
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
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Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.1%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.6%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Unattributed Quote
36%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
36%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
4.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Quote-first Misdirection
0%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1%PublicationCalMatters
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Biased Writer Voice
36%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
36%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
7.9%PublicationCalMatters
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.9%PublicationCalMatters
1.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
2%PublicationCalMatters
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
0%AuthorEricka Cruz Guevarra
1.4%PublicationCalMatters
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
75 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.