KQED61%
Who Draws the Lines? A History of Gerrymandering0%
By Marisa Lagos91% Scott Shafer0%
12/27/2025, 12:05:40 AM
BS Summary: This article contains 12 faulty reasoning types, including Confirmation Bias, In-Group Bias, and Anchoring Bias, with Appeal to Authority as the most egregious example at 47.5% saturation with 48 hits. Analysis detected 388 faulty-reasoning hits from 101 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 0% and a BS Rank of 0% (0 of 16,813 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 100.00% of the article peer group.
Over the holidays, we’re rebroadcasting some of our favorite interviews from 2025.
President Donald Trump this summer set off an unusual mid-decade redistricting scramble after he asked Republican-led states to redraw their congressional districts to give the GOP more seats in Congress.
California Democrats responded with their own new map, which voters approved through Proposition 50 in November.
Scott and Marisa discuss the history of gerrymandering with Los Angeles Times writer James Rainey, taking us back to an earlier era when it was a regular part of California’s political landscape.
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Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.5%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
31.7%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
31.7%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.9%PublicationCalMatters
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
4.4%PublicationCalMatters
3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.1%PublicationCalMatters
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Confirmation Bias
45.5%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
45.5%AuthorMarisa Lagos
4.9%PublicationCalMatters
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0%PublicationCalMatters
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
22.8%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
22.8%AuthorMarisa Lagos
14.4%PublicationCalMatters
6.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
2.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
31.7%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
31.7%AuthorMarisa Lagos
2.9%PublicationCalMatters
2.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.1%PublicationCalMatters
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
45.5%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
45.5%AuthorMarisa Lagos
3%PublicationCalMatters
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
29.7%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
29.7%AuthorMarisa Lagos
11.5%PublicationCalMatters
6.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
22.8%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
22.8%AuthorMarisa Lagos
3.6%PublicationCalMatters
3.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.1%PublicationCalMatters
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
2%PublicationCalMatters
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.7%PublicationCalMatters
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1%PublicationCalMatters
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
2.6%PublicationCalMatters
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.8%PublicationCalMatters
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
2.9%PublicationCalMatters
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
31.7%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
31.7%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.6%PublicationCalMatters
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.9%PublicationCalMatters
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.4%PublicationCalMatters
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.3%PublicationCalMatters
3.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
47.5%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
47.5%AuthorMarisa Lagos
4.6%PublicationCalMatters
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
6.4%PublicationCalMatters
5.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.1%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Bandwagon
15.8%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
15.8%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.6%PublicationCalMatters
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
29.7%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
29.7%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.6%PublicationCalMatters
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1%PublicationCalMatters
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.1%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
2.5%PublicationCalMatters
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0%PublicationCalMatters
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
29.7%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
29.7%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.8%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
4.5%PublicationCalMatters
3.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.3%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0%PublicationCalMatters
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
3.7%PublicationCalMatters
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
1.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.8%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorMarisa Lagos
0.2%PublicationCalMatters
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
101 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.