The Guardian81%
Zohran Mamdani plays the Guardian's Bracketology to predict World Cup winner – video 46%
By Alexander Abnos0% Mark McPartland0% Stefania Orlando0%
6/6/2026, 4:03:53 AM
BS Summary: This article contains 6 faulty reasoning types, including Biased Writer Voice, Attempt to Sell a Product or Service, and Negativity Bias, with Framing Effect as the most egregious example at 82.2% saturation with 60 hits. Analysis detected 200 faulty-reasoning hits from 73 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 47.9% and a BS Rank of 46% (11,944 of 21,887 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 54.60% of the article peer group.
The New York City mayor, Zohran Mamdani, briefly stepped away from City Hall to tackle the ultimate soccer challenge: predicting the entire World Cup bracket In the Guardian's exclusive interactive game.
From shocking early exits to his definitive pick for the final, see how Mamdani maps out the world’s biggest tournament
* **Bracketology: predict a path to World Cup victory**
Confirmation Bias
0%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
82.2%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
82.2%AuthorAlexander Abnos
30.5%Publicationthe Guardian
6.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
12.3%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
12.3%AuthorAlexander Abnos
3.1%Publicationthe Guardian
2.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
2.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
27.4%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
27.4%AuthorAlexander Abnos
13.7%Publicationthe Guardian
10.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
10.6%Publicationthe Guardian
3.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
0%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
10.6%Publicationthe Guardian
3.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
6.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
6.8%Publicationthe Guardian
5.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
2.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Unattributed Quote
0%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Quote-first Misdirection
27.4%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
27.4%AuthorAlexander Abnos
6.8%Publicationthe Guardian
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Biased Writer Voice
69.9%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
69.9%AuthorAlexander Abnos
27.4%Publicationthe Guardian
10.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAlexander Abnos
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
54.8%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
54.8%AuthorAlexander Abnos
16.8%Publicationthe Guardian
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
73 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.