BS Summary: These Paul Luning results contain 1 faulty reasoning type, including Appeal to Authority, with Appeal to Authority as the most egregious example at 100% saturation with 6 hits. Analysis detected 6 faulty-reasoning hits from 6 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 100% and a BS Rank of ⁠88% (2,114 of 16,838 speakers). This Paul Luning is worse (more manipulative) than 87.50% of the peer group.