BS Summary: These Journal of Applied Economics results contain 3 faulty reasoning types, including Composition/Division and Representativeness Heuristic, with Appeal to Authority as the most egregious example at 100% saturation with 94 hits. Analysis detected 188 faulty-reasoning hits from 94 analyzed words across 1 article, generating a BS Score of 66.7% and a BS Rank of 77% (4,106 of 17,575 speakers). This Journal of Applied Economics is worse (more manipulative) than 76.60% of the peer group.