The Guardian84%
Are British graduates being conned? | Opinion 91%
By Kirsty Major0% Bryony Moore100% Aditya Chakrabortty0%
7/30/2026, 6:28:31 AM
BS Summary: This article contains 7 faulty reasoning types, including Framing Effect, Hasty Generalization, and Confirmation Bias, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 42.9% saturation with 30 hits. Analysis detected 139 faulty-reasoning hits from 70 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 84.3% and a BS Rank of 91% (2,106 of 22,405 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 90.60% of the article peer group.
Thousands of students are graduating into an employment crisis, leaving them feeling hopeless and overqualified, as well as dealing with enormous debts from tuition fees.
When higher education was transformed, teenagers were offered a deal - pay £9,000 a year and secure a ‘bright future’.
But as the Guardian’s economics commentator Aditya Chakrabortty accurately predicted, for many the reality has been very different.
Confirmation Bias
25.7%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
25.7%AuthorKirsty Major
12.9%Publicationthe Guardian
3.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
35.7%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
35.7%AuthorKirsty Major
35.7%Publicationthe Guardian
6.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
0%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
2.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
2.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
42.9%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
42.9%AuthorKirsty Major
39.3%Publicationthe Guardian
10.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
25.7%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
25.7%AuthorKirsty Major
12.9%Publicationthe Guardian
3.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
35.7%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
35.7%AuthorKirsty Major
35.7%Publicationthe Guardian
6.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
5.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
2.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Unattributed Quote
0%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Quote-first Misdirection
25.7%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
25.7%AuthorKirsty Major
12.9%Publicationthe Guardian
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Biased Writer Voice
7.1%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
7.1%AuthorKirsty Major
3.6%Publicationthe Guardian
10.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
0%AuthorKirsty Major
0%Publicationthe Guardian
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
70 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.