The Free Press83%
‘The Odyssey’ and the Search for Historical Truth, with James Diggle and John Underhill 55%
By Aaron MacLean95%
7/17/2026, 9:01:39 AM
Keywords: Literature
BS Summary: This article contains 8 faulty reasoning types, including Representativeness Heuristic, Appeal to Authority, and Confirmation Bias, with Anchoring Bias as the most egregious example at 59.4% saturation with 41 hits. Analysis detected 193 faulty-reasoning hits from 69 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 53.1% and a BS Rank of 55% (8,137 of 17,853 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 54.40% of the article peer group.
James Diggle, emeritus professor of Greek and Latin at Cambridge University, and John Underhill, professor of geoscience and energy transition at the University of Aberdeen, join School of War to discuss their decades-long search for the real Ithaca of Homer’s Odyssey.
Based on their recent Antigone journal article, “In Search of Ithaca,” they explain w…
Confirmation Bias
20.3%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
20.3%AuthorAaron MacLean
7.9%PublicationThe FP
6.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
59.4%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
59.4%AuthorAaron MacLean
9.8%PublicationThe FP
1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
2.6%PublicationThe FP
3.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Representativeness Heuristic
59.4%Representativeness Heuristic
OverallThis article
59.4%AuthorAaron MacLean
3%PublicationThe FP
2.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
4%PublicationThe FP
1.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0.6%PublicationThe FP
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
20.3%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
20.3%AuthorAaron MacLean
20%PublicationThe FP
9.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
3%PublicationThe FP
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Optimism Bias
0%Optimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
6.1%PublicationThe FP
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
0%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
10.5%PublicationThe FP
10.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
2.2%PublicationThe FP
1.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
1.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
1.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Recency Bias
20.3%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
20.3%AuthorAaron MacLean
3.2%PublicationThe FP
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
2.2%PublicationThe FP
2.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
59.4%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
59.4%AuthorAaron MacLean
21.6%PublicationThe FP
3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
7.7%PublicationThe FP
2.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
6.3%PublicationThe FP
0.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
1.8%PublicationThe FP
9.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
1.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
10.2%PublicationThe FP
6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
4.4%PublicationThe FP
1.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
6.6%PublicationThe FP
3.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
2.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Unattributed Quote
20.3%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
20.3%AuthorAaron MacLean
1%PublicationThe FP
2.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Quote-first Misdirection
0%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
5.3%PublicationThe FP
2.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Biased Writer Voice
20.3%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
20.3%AuthorAaron MacLean
17.8%PublicationThe FP
15.5%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
1.7%PublicationThe FP
3.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
4%PublicationThe FP
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
4%PublicationThe FP
2.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
13.4%PublicationThe FP
5.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
69 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.