The Free Press78%
How Trump Decided to Go to War with Iran, with Jonathan Swan 10%
By Aaron MacLean89%
7/21/2026, 9:01:58 AM
BS Summary: This article contains 3 faulty reasoning types, including Attempt to Sell a Product or Service and Framing Effect, with Appeal to Authority as the most egregious example at 51.4% saturation with 36 hits. Analysis detected 84 faulty-reasoning hits from 70 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 27.1% and a BS Rank of 10% (18,178 of 20,091 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 90.50% of the article peer group.
Jonathan Swan, a White House reporter for *The New York Times*, joins *School of War* to discuss the reporting behind his new book, *Regime Change: Inside the Imperial Presidency of Donald Trump*, co-authored with Maggie Haberman.
How does Donald Trump make geopolitical decisions?
What drove him to join Israel’s war against Iran?
How has his thinking on Ukrai…
Confirmation Bias
0%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
6.8%PublicationThe FP
6.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
8.5%PublicationThe FP
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Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
2.3%PublicationThe FP
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Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
2.6%PublicationThe FP
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Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
3.5%PublicationThe FP
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Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0.5%PublicationThe FP
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Framing Effect
17.1%Framing Effect
OverallThis article
17.1%AuthorAaron MacLean
18.7%PublicationThe FP
10.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
2.6%PublicationThe FP
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Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Optimism Bias
0%Optimism Bias
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
5.3%PublicationThe FP
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Negativity Bias
0%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
9.1%PublicationThe FP
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Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
1.9%PublicationThe FP
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Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
2.8%PublicationThe FP
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Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
1.9%PublicationThe FP
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Straw Man
0%Straw Man
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Appeal to Authority
51.4%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
51.4%AuthorAaron MacLean
21%PublicationThe FP
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False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
6.7%PublicationThe FP
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Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
5.5%PublicationThe FP
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Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
1.5%PublicationThe FP
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Red Herring
0%Red Herring
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
8.8%PublicationThe FP
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Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
3.8%PublicationThe FP
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Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
5.7%PublicationThe FP
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Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0%PublicationThe FP
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Unattributed Quote
0%Unattributed Quote
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
0.9%PublicationThe FP
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Quote-first Misdirection
0%Quote-first Misdirection
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
4.6%PublicationThe FP
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Biased Writer Voice
0%Biased Writer Voice
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
15.4%PublicationThe FP
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Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
1.5%PublicationThe FP
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Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
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0%AuthorAaron MacLean
3.4%PublicationThe FP
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Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorAaron MacLean
3.4%PublicationThe FP
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Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
51.4%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
51.4%AuthorAaron MacLean
13.9%PublicationThe FP
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70 words analyzed.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.