The Bulwark75%
Epidemiologist’s Warning: STOP Buying Bagged Salad for Now 72%
By Jonathan Cohn95%
7/13/2026, 11:42:22 PM
BS Summary: This article contains 1 faulty reasoning type, including Attempt to Sell a Product or Service, with Attempt to Sell a Product or Service as the most egregious example at 32.5% saturation with 25 hits. Analysis detected 25 faulty-reasoning hits from 77 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 66.2% and a BS Rank of 72% (4,319 of 15,282 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 71.70% of the article peer group.
Jonathan Cohn talks with epidemiologist Katelyn Jetelina about the record-breaking cyclospora outbreak, which foods to avoid, why officials still haven’t found the source, and how cuts to public health could make outbreaks like this more common.
As always: Watch, listen, and leave a comment.
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Confirmation Bias
0%Confirmation Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
5.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anchoring Bias
0%Anchoring Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Availability Heuristic
0%Availability Heuristic
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
26%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Representativeness Heuristic
0%Representativeness Heuristic
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Hindsight Bias
0%Hindsight Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Overconfidence Bias
0%Overconfidence Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Framing Effect
0%Framing Effect
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
5.2%PublicationThe Bulwark
6.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Loss Aversion
0%Loss Aversion
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
2.6%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Status Quo Bias
0%Status Quo Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Sunk Cost Effect
0%Sunk Cost Effect
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Optimism Bias
0%Optimism Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Pessimism Bias
0%Pessimism Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
14.3%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Negativity Bias
0%Negativity Bias
OverallThis article
0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
19.5%PublicationThe Bulwark
10.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Self-Serving Bias
0%Self-Serving Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Fundamental Attribution Error
0%Fundamental Attribution Error
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Actor-Observer Bias
0%Actor-Observer Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
In-Group Bias
0%In-Group Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
4.9%PublicationThe Bulwark
2.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Halo Effect
0%Halo Effect
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Horn Effect
0%Horn Effect
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%Dunning-Kruger Effect
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Recency Bias
0%Recency Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Primacy Effect
0%Primacy Effect
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.4%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Blind-Spot Bias
0%Blind-Spot Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Ad Hominem
0%Ad Hominem
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
4.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Straw Man
0%Straw Man
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Authority
0%Appeal to Authority
OverallThis article
0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
14.3%PublicationThe Bulwark
3.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
False Dilemma
0%False Dilemma
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
2.6%PublicationThe Bulwark
2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Slippery Slope
0%Slippery Slope
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
23.4%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Circular Reasoning
0%Circular Reasoning
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Hasty Generalization
0%Hasty Generalization
OverallThis article
0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
2.6%PublicationThe Bulwark
7.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Red Herring
0%Red Herring
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Bandwagon
0%Bandwagon
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Appeal to Emotion
0%Appeal to Emotion
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
5.2%PublicationThe Bulwark
4.7%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Begging the Question
0%Begging the Question
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.2%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%Post Hoc (False Cause)
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Tu Quoque
0%Tu Quoque
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Burden of Proof
0%Burden of Proof
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Appeal to Nature
0%Appeal to Nature
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Composition/Division
0%Composition/Division
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
0.3%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Anecdotal
0%Anecdotal
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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No True Scotsman
0%No True Scotsman
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%Ambiguity (Equivocation)
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
1.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%Gambler’s Fallacy
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Middle Ground
0%Middle Ground
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Personal Incredulity
0%Personal Incredulity
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Special Pleading
0%Special Pleading
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Genetic Fallacy
0%Genetic Fallacy
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Unattributed Quote
0%Unattributed Quote
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Quote-first Misdirection
0%Quote-first Misdirection
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Biased Writer Voice
0%Biased Writer Voice
OverallThis article
0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
27.6%PublicationThe Bulwark
15.9%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Indoctrination
0%Indoctrination
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
11%PublicationThe Bulwark
3.1%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%Politically Left Leaning Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
6%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%Politically Right Leaning Bias
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0%AuthorJonathan Cohn
0%PublicationThe Bulwark
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Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
32.5%Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
OverallThis article
32.5%AuthorJonathan Cohn
35.1%PublicationThe Bulwark
3.8%Bar shows this article. Yellow and cyan markers show the selected author and publication averages.
77 words analyzed.
Speakers
1speaker32%attributed speech52writer words
Voice mapSelect a segment to jump to its words
Bulwark+ TakesWriter's voiceHeight = manipulation coverage
Selected voice
100%flagged-word coverageBulwark+ Takes
25 attributed words100% of attributed speech0% writer coverage
WriterSpeaker0–100% shared scale
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service+100.0 pts
Writer 0%Bulwark+ Takes 100%
Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.
Analysis
Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.