FBI Kept Dozens of Top Authors Under Surveillance, Articles Say98%

By Associated Press66%

9/30/1987, 7:00:00 AM

BS Summary: This article contains 11 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Authority, Negativity Bias, and Representativeness Heuristic, with Availability Heuristic as the most egregious example at 77.5% saturation with 155 hits. Analysis detected 637 faulty-reasoning hits from 200 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 97.1% and a BS Rank of 98% (415 of 16,813 articles). This article is worse (more manipulative) than 97.50% of the article peer group.

NEW YORK  Dozens of America's most prominent authors were kept under surveillance by the FBI and other government agencies because their writings were considered subversive, according to articles appearing in two magazines. 
Herbert Mitgang, writing for The New Yorker, and Natalie Robins, whose article appears in The Nation, both did extensive research into FBI files they obtained separately under the Freedom of Information Act. 
Mitgang's article in the Oct. 5 issue said writers under surveillance by the federal agency included: Ernest Hemingway, labeled a drunk and a Communist; Sinclair Lewis and Pearl Buck, criticized for promoting black civil rights; John Steinbeck, accused of tarnishing the nation's image; and Truman Capote, targeted as a "supporter of the (Cuban) revolution." 
Others included Carl Sandburg, Nelson Algren, John Dos Passos, William Faulkner, Thornton Wilder, Tennessee Williams, W. H. Auden and Thomas Wolfe, Mitgang wrote. 
The Nation article includes a list of 134 writers whose files were released to Robins, who is preparing a book on the subject. 
Several of the writers on her list are still alive and include E. L. Doctorow, Norman Mailer, Elizabeth Hardwick and Howard Fast. 
Robins' article will be released in the Oct. 10 issue of The Nation. 
Actor-Observer Bias
0%
Anchoring Bias
11.5%
Availability Heuristic
77.5%
Blind-Spot Bias
0%
Confirmation Bias
0%
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%
Framing Effect
0%
Fundamental Attribution Error
0%
Halo Effect
16%
Hindsight Bias
0%
Horn Effect
0%
In-Group Bias
0%
Loss Aversion
0%
Negativity Bias
43.5%
Optimism Bias
0%
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%
Overconfidence Bias
0%
Pessimism Bias
0%
Primacy Effect
0%
Recency Bias
11%
Representativeness Heuristic
27%
Self-Serving Bias
0%
Status Quo Bias
0%
Sunk Cost Effect
0%
Ad Hominem
27%
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
0%
Anecdotal
0%
Appeal to Authority
55.5%
Appeal to Emotion
11%
Appeal to Nature
0%
Bandwagon
11.5%
Begging the Question
0%
Burden of Proof
0%
Circular Reasoning
0%
Composition/Division
0%
False Dilemma
0%
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%
Genetic Fallacy
0%
Hasty Generalization
27%
Middle Ground
0%
No True Scotsman
0%
Personal Incredulity
0%
Post Hoc (False Cause)
0%
Red Herring
0%
Slippery Slope
0%
Special Pleading
0%
Straw Man
0%
Tu Quoque
0%

200 words analyzed.

Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.