BS Summary: This article contains 17 faulty reasoning types, including Post Hoc (False Cause), Framing Effect, and Appeal to Emotion, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 11.8% saturation with 71 hits. Analysis detected 548 faulty-reasoning hits from 600 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 25.8% and a BS Rank of 9% (19,331 of 21,182 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 91.30% of the article peer group.

A federal judicial panel has allowed Tennessee to use a new congressional map that splits apart a majority-Black district in Memphis, providing another legal victory for Republicans who hope to gain an additional seat in this year’s midterm elections. 
A three-judge panel on Thursday declined to issue a preliminary injunction against the new districts, paving the way for them to be used in the Aug. 6 primary elections. 
Tennessee had revised its congressional districts in May, shortly after a U.S. 
Supreme Court ruling weakened federal Voting Rights Act protections for minorities. 
President Donald Trump has urged Republican-led states to redraw districts to their advantage to try to hold on to a slim U.S. 
House majority in the November elections. 
Tennessee is among eight GOP states to do so since last year. 
Trump is hoping the mid-decade redistricting can help Republicans buck a historical pattern in which the president’s party typically loses seats in midterms. 
Opponents of Tennessee’s new congressional districts had argued in court that Republican lawmakers who passed the plan were motivated at least partly by racial discrimination, in violation of the U.S. 
Constitution. 
Republicans have insisted they were motivated only by partisan politics, seeking to win the lone Democratic-held seat among the state’s nine districts. 
Legislatures are free to draw partisan districts under a 2019 Supreme Court ruling. 
The federal judges  two Trump appointees and one appointee of former President Barack Obama  wrote in their opinion that the lawsuit is unlikely to succeed because the plaintiffs “lack any direct evidence of racial motivation." 
“The road to a reliably 9-0 map runs through Memphis,” the ruling states. 
“Thus, political motivations readily explain the map’s dilutive effects.” 
The Supreme Court in late April struck down a majority-Black congressional district in Louisiana as an illegal racial gerrymander. 
That decision weakened protections in the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965 that allowed minorities an opportunity to elect the candidate of their choice. 
It also opened a pathway for Republicans in several Southern states to cite political intentions while redrawing voting districts with large minority populations that have elected Democrats. 
In Tennessee, Republicans carved up a Memphis-based district with a majority-Black population that has been represented for about two decades by Democratic Rep. 
Steve Cohen, who is white. 
The metropolitan area was instead placed in parts of three districts, with Cohen’s reshaped district stretching a couple hundred miles eastward before reaching north toward the Nashville suburbs. 
Cohen announced soon after the redraw that he was ending his bid for reelection. 
Amber Sherman, a Memphis voter and plaintiff in the lawsuit, criticized the ruling, saying it’s “painful” to head into an election under a map that weakens the voices of Black voters. 
“We deserve the same opportunity to shape our future as anyone else,” Sherman said. 
“When our voting power is diluted, our neighborhoods have a harder time making their voices heard on the issues that shape our daily lives.” 
Ari Savitzky, an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union Voting Rights Project, told the judges in mid-June that Republicans who are “essentially an all-white-controlled legislative body" chose to destroy the state’s lone pocket of Black political power in federal elections. 
Attorney Taylor Meehan, representing Tennessee election officials, rejected the assertion of racially discriminatory motivations. 
She also argued it was too late to revert to Tennessee’s previous congressional districts, noting that primary election ballots already had been finalized using the new boundaries. 
Early voting began July 17. 
“Racial data was turned off” when crafting the new districts, Meehan said. 
“The map was drafted for politics.” 
Confirmation Bias
6.2%
Anchoring Bias
0%
Availability Heuristic
2%
Representativeness Heuristic
0.8%
Hindsight Bias
3.8%
Overconfidence Bias
0%
Framing Effect
10.2%
Loss Aversion
0%
Status Quo Bias
0%
Sunk Cost Effect
4.5%
Optimism Bias
0%
Pessimism Bias
0%
Negativity Bias
11.8%
Self-Serving Bias
1%
Fundamental Attribution Error
4.5%
Actor-Observer Bias
0%
In-Group Bias
0%
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias
0%
Halo Effect
0%
Horn Effect
0%
Dunning-Kruger Effect
0%
Recency Bias
0%
Primacy Effect
0%
Blind-Spot Bias
0%
Ad Hominem
0%
Straw Man
0%
Appeal to Authority
2.2%
False Dilemma
0%
Slippery Slope
0%
Circular Reasoning
0%
Hasty Generalization
6.8%
Red Herring
0%
Bandwagon
0%
Appeal to Emotion
9.2%
Begging the Question
0%
Post Hoc (False Cause)
10.3%
Tu Quoque
0%
Burden of Proof
0%
Appeal to Nature
0%
Composition/Division
0%
Anecdotal
5.2%
No True Scotsman
0%
Ambiguity (Equivocation)
3%
Gambler’s Fallacy
0%
Middle Ground
0%
Personal Incredulity
0%
Special Pleading
0%
Genetic Fallacy
0%
Unattributed Quote
6.2%
Quote-first Misdirection
3.7%
Biased Writer Voice
0%
Indoctrination
0%
Politically Left Leaning Bias
0%
Politically Right Leaning Bias
0%
Attempt to Sell a Product or Service
0%

600 words analyzed.

Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.