VTDigger41%

Windsor County Sheriff candidate placed on administrative leave from Bellows Falls PD 15%

By Brattleboro Reformer37%

8/7/2026, 1:22:23 PM

BS Summary: This article contains 18 faulty reasoning types, including Appeal to Authority, Biased Writer Voice, and Availability Heuristic, with Negativity Bias as the most egregious example at 14.6% saturation with 115 hits. Analysis detected 786 faulty-reasoning hits from 790 analyzed words, generating a BS Score of 24.1% and a BS Rank of 15% (25,995 of 30,584 articles). This article is better (less manipulative) than 85.00% of the article peer group.

A Bellows Balls Police Department officer was cleared by the attorney general following a Vermont State Police probe. 
YouTube photo 
A Bellows Balls Police Department vehicle seen in 2020. 
YouTube photo 
This story by Susan Smallheer was first published in the Brattleboro Reformer on Aug 6, 2026. 
BELLOWS FALLS  The village of Bellows Falls has placed one of its police officers running for Windsor County Sheriff in Tuesday’s Democratic primary on administrative leave in the wake of a letter from both the Windham County State’s Attorney and the Vermont attorney general’s office, raising questions about his credibility as a police officer. 
Joshua Lake, 30, who has been a Bellows Falls officer for about two years, was placed on administrative leave on Wednesday, according to Bellows Falls Police Chief David Bemis. 
Bemis said an “outside” law enforcement agency will conduct the investigation to look into the questions raised by Lake’s admission he “exaggerated” an incident involving his wife to a Walpole, N.H., police officer last December. 
At the time, Lake said his wife  who at one time was an interim Windsor County deputy sheriff  had pulled a gun on him and had also abused their young daughter. 
Since then, Lake has said both that the incident never happened and that he had exaggerated the incident. 
Bellows Falls Police Officer Joshua Lake, who is a candidate for the democratic primary for sheriff in Windsor County. 
Provided photo 
Bellows Falls Police Officer Joshua Lake, who is a candidate in the democratic primary for sheriff in Windsor County. 
Provided photo 
The Walpole officer, following police protocols, reported the incident to his superiors, which in turn triggered an investigation by both the Vermont State Police and Windsor County Sheriff Ryan Palmer. 
On Monday, Windham County State’s Attorney Steven Brown and Domenica Padula from the Vermont Attorney General’s office issued a so-called Giglio letter, which is sometimes called a Brady letter, alerting defense attorneys that Lake’s credibility as a police officer had been called into question. 
“The Vermont State Police conducted an investigation involving Bellows Falls Police Officer Joshua Lake involving statements he made while off duty during a conversation with an on-duty New Hampshire Police Officer, a person he considered to be a friend, regarding a crime he said he witnessed off duty. 
When asked by Vermont State Police investigators about the statement, Officer Lake stated he exaggerated what he told the New Hampshire Police Officer,” the joint letter from Brown and Padula, the chief of the criminal division of the Vermont Attorney General’s office, said. 
Lake didn’t return a message seeking comment Thursday. 
Brown, in a telephone interview Thursday, said that criminal cases from Bellows Falls involving Lake would still go forward, but would come under additional review and checks for credibility. 
Brown said he had never called Lake as a witness in a trial, but he said he does have pending cases with Lake, as both a witness and case officer. 
He said the Giglio letter, and not an “alert,” as Lake has characterized it, is relatively rare, and he said he knew of only one other Windham County police officer “who had a letter.” 
Some Giglio letters are a death knell for a law enforcement career, depending on the severity of the misdeed. 
The other Windham County officer with a Giglio letter had misrepresented his timesheet, Brown said. 
“We are going to evaluate on a case by case basis,” Brown said. 
It was that letter, a short press release from Bemis, that prompted the action by the village manager Aaron Patt to place Lake on administrative leave, with pay. 
Patt couldn’t be reached Thursday. 
Lake, although he’s been a Bellows Falls officer for only two years, has a long family history in law enforcement in Windham County. 
His father, Ron Lake, is the former Bellows Falls police chief who resigned in January 2020, citing medical problems. 
His grandfather, Sherwood Lake Sr., was a longtime officer in the Brattleboro Police Department, and both his father and his uncle, Sherwood Lake Jr., worked in the Windham County Sheriff’s Department. 
Lake recently moved from Rockingham to Chester, which is in Windsor County, during the campaign. 
Lake is one of three Democrats seeking to replace Palmer, who himself is facing a raft of criminal charges stemming from his work as sheriff. 
Palmer has not resigned, despite being stripped of his certification as a Vermont law enforcement officer. 
On Wednesday evening, the Windsor County Democratic Committee sent out a letter to its membership alerting them to the Lake development, and the Giglio letter. 
Read the story on VTDigger here: Windsor County Sheriff candidate placed on administrative leave from Bellows Falls PD . 
Article reasoning-pattern comparisonThis article: 4.4%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.6%VTDigger: 2.0%Confirmation Bias4.4%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.7%VTDigger: 0.7%Anchoring Bias0.0%This article: 7.5%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.6%VTDigger: 2.2%Availability Heuristic7.5%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.2%VTDigger: 0.7%Representativeness Heuristic0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.3%VTDigger: 0.3%Hindsight Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 1.6%VTDigger: 1.1%Overconfidence Bias0.0%This article: 7.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.1%VTDigger: 3.6%Framing Effect7.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.1%VTDigger: 0.7%Loss Aversion0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.4%VTDigger: 0.6%Status Quo Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.2%Sunk Cost Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 4.3%VTDigger: 2.9%Optimism Bias0.0%This article: 2.3%Brattleboro Reformer: 1.1%VTDigger: 1.5%Pessimism Bias2.3%This article: 14.6%Brattleboro Reformer: 3.8%VTDigger: 4.5%Negativity Bias14.6%This article: 3.8%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.8%VTDigger: 2.1%Self-Serving Bias3.8%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.7%VTDigger: 0.5%Fundamental Attribution Error0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.3%VTDigger: 0.1%Actor-Observer Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 1.1%VTDigger: 1.0%In-Group Bias0.0%This article: 3.2%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.2%VTDigger: 0.4%Out-Group Homogeneity Bias3.2%This article: 6.8%Brattleboro Reformer: 3.9%VTDigger: 1.7%Halo Effect6.8%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.0%Horn Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.2%VTDigger: 0.0%Dunning-Kruger Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.4%VTDigger: 0.5%Recency Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.2%Primacy Effect0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.3%VTDigger: 0.1%Blind-Spot Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.5%Ad Hominem0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.3%Straw Man0.0%This article: 9.9%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.4%VTDigger: 1.9%Appeal to Authority9.9%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.9%VTDigger: 1.4%False Dilemma0.0%This article: 2.4%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.1%VTDigger: 0.7%Slippery Slope2.4%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.2%VTDigger: 0.2%Circular Reasoning0.0%This article: 1.9%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.6%VTDigger: 3.0%Hasty Generalization1.9%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.1%VTDigger: 0.1%Red Herring0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.6%VTDigger: 0.3%Bandwagon0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.1%VTDigger: 3.6%Appeal to Emotion0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.3%VTDigger: 0.6%Begging the Question0.0%This article: 3.5%Brattleboro Reformer: 2.2%VTDigger: 1.5%Post Hoc (False Cause)3.5%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.1%Tu Quoque0.0%This article: 1.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.1%VTDigger: 0.3%Burden of Proof1.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.1%VTDigger: 0.1%Appeal to Nature0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.2%Composition/Division0.0%This article: 4.2%Brattleboro Reformer: 1.5%VTDigger: 1.8%Anecdotal4.2%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.1%No True Scotsman0.0%This article: 5.4%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.9%VTDigger: 0.8%Ambiguity (Equivocation)5.4%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.0%Gambler’s Fallacy0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.1%Middle Ground0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.1%Personal Incredulity0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.1%Special Pleading0.0%This article: 6.8%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.4%VTDigger: 0.1%Genetic Fallacy6.8%This article: 5.4%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.7%VTDigger: 0.8%Unattributed Quote5.4%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.8%VTDigger: 0.4%Quote-first Misdirection0.0%This article: 9.4%Brattleboro Reformer: 1.3%VTDigger: 2.2%Biased Writer Voice9.4%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.3%VTDigger: 1.7%Indoctrination0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.5%Politically Left Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.0%VTDigger: 0.4%Politically Right Leaning Bias0.0%This article: 0.0%Brattleboro Reformer: 0.5%VTDigger: 0.5%Attempt to Sell a Product or S…0.0%

790 words analyzed.

Speakers

2speakers43%attributed speech451writer words
Selected voice

Steven Brown

67%flagged-word coverage
275 attributed words81% of attributed speech49% writer coverage
0%10.0%20.0%Unattributed Quote+15.6 ptsWriter: 0.0%Steven Brown: 15.6%15.6%Biased Writer Voice-5.3 ptsWriter: 12.2%Steven Brown: 6.9%6.9%

Attribution is sentence-level. Pattern percentages are calculated only from words assigned to that voice.

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Analysis

Hover over highlighted words in the article to view the associated bias or fallacy analysis.