Faulty reasoning signals

• Confirmation Bias - 23.2% (128 hits)
• Anchoring Bias - 0%
• Availability Heuristic - 7.4% (41 hits)
• Representativeness Heuristic - 4% (22 hits)
• Hindsight Bias - 3.1% (17 hits)
• Overconfidence Bias - 0%
• Framing Effect - 7.1% (39 hits)
• Loss Aversion - 0%
• Status Quo Bias - 6.7% (37 hits)
• Sunk Cost Effect - 0%
• Optimism Bias - 4.3% (24 hits)
• Pessimism Bias - 9.1% (50 hits)

Article text

Trump won spending promises from NATO last year.

This week, he'll try to enforce them

WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump got what he wanted from NATO at last year's summit: an alliance whose members had largely acceded to his demands to step up their defense spending.

This week when he meets leaders in Turkey, his mission is to enforce that pledge.

Trump will meet with Ukraine's Zelenskyy

Trump left last month's G7 summit in France buoyed by support from his counterparts for his interim agreement to end the war with Iran.

He praised unity among leaders — who also worked to bring Trump onside to boost security assistance for Ukraine in its fight with Russia.

Trump's team is making the case for more NATO changes

The summit comes as Trump's administration makes the case for what it calls "NATO 3.0," which envisions an alliance that has Europe taking on more of its security needs, allowing the U.S. to shift its focus elsewhere.

The strategy was outlined by Elbridge Colby, a U.S. undersecretary of defense, earlier this year at a gathering of NATO defense ministers.

Then, in a scathing speech to other NATO defense ministers last month, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth added to the pressure by announcing that the U.S. will conduct a six-month review of its forces in Europe.

This surprised countries in the alliance that had anticipated coordinating with the Trump administration through the transition.

Trump himself sparked much confusion earlier this year when he seemed to send conflicting signals on the issue, announcing that he would send 5,000 U.S. troops to Poland weeks after ordering the same number of forces pulled out of the continent.

Shaheen said the NATO 3.0 concept "fails to understand -- as this administration has consistently failed to understand -- the threat that Putin and Russia are to Europe and subsequently to the United States."

Europe is boosting spending, but still counts on the U.S.

The U.S. president last year was the driving factor in a broad target reached in The Hague for NATO countries to spend 5% of their GDP on defense over the next decade.

Of that, 3.5% would be for core defense spending and the rest would be related expenses, such as infrastructure.

Spain said at the time that it couldn't meet those levels, and some others have voiced reservations about the ambitious goal.

Despite the increased pledges and spending, experts say many parts of the continent are nonetheless reliant on the U.S. for their defense should they come under attack.

The defining feature of the NATO alliance is the view that an armed attack on one member is an attack on all.

"This is the reality for most Europeans," said Liana Fix, senior fellow for Europe at the Council on Foreign Relations.

She said most are far from being able to defend themselves without the United States, "even if they're starting to develop all that."

Apart from the spending pledge, NATO has worked to accommodate Trump in other ways.

The alliance earlier this year introduced "Arctic Sentry," a NATO-led military exercise aimed at countering Russian and Chinese activities in the region.

It's also meant to address Trump's repeated threats to seize Greenland, since the Republican president has insisted the U.S. needs to acquire the semiautonomous territory of Denmark for strategic security reasons.